Tyres – markings, pressures and placard

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Tyres – markings, pressures and placard

Tyres – markings, pressures and placard

How to read tyre markings

Simplified example. Always verify the specified size, construction, load index, speed category and any further requirements in the documents and manual for the exact vehicle.

  1. 225Nominal tyre section width in millimetres.
  2. 45Aspect ratio: the sidewall height is 45% of the nominal width.
  3. RRadial tyre construction.
  4. 17Nominal rim diameter in inches.
  5. 94Load index. It is not a value in kilograms; the corresponding load is obtained from the index table.
  6. WSpeed category under specified conditions. It must meet the vehicle and usage requirements.
  7. XLReinforced version with higher load capacity at the specified pressure. It does not permit arbitrary extra loading.

Other common markings

DOT … 2324
The final four digits normally identify the week and year of manufacture: week 23 of 2024. Other parts of the code identify production details.
3PMSF
The mountain and snowflake symbol identifies a tyre that has passed the prescribed snow-performance test.
M+S
A manufacturer marking for mud and snow. By itself it is not the same as the tested 3PMSF marking; legal requirements vary by country.
ROTATION / OUTSIDE
Identifies the direction of rotation or outer side of a directional or asymmetric tyre. Incorrect fitting can impair its function.
TWI
Identifies the position of tread-wear indicators.
E / e
An approval mark followed by approval information; it is not a standalone quality grade.

Where to find the tyre-pressure placard

The exact location varies by model, generation, body version and market. Look for the placard on the vehicle, not on the tyre. Common documented locations include:

  1. Fuel filler flapOn the inside of the fuel filler flap where the particular version uses this location.
  2. B-pillar or door frameIn the door aperture, visible when a front door is open. The side of the vehicle can vary.
  3. Front doorOn the edge or inner face of a front door on some versions.
  4. Vehicle manualIf the placard cannot be found, verify its exact location in the manual for the specific model. Do not assume an electric vehicle has a fuel-filler location.

On the placard, match the tyre size, front and rear axle values, and load condition. Values may be stated in bar, kPa or psi and may also include the spare wheel.

Why the pressure must match the vehicle

Use the pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer for the exact tyre size, axle and load. “MAX PRESS” on the sidewall is a tyre limit, not the vehicle’s normal recommended pressure.

  • Check pressure when the tyres are cold and follow the vehicle placard or manual. Front and rear axles, and normal and full loads, may require different values.
  • Underinflation increases flexing and heat, can impair steering and braking, accelerate shoulder wear and increase fuel or energy consumption.
  • Overinflation can reduce the effective contact area, impair comfort and grip on uneven surfaces, and increase susceptibility to damage or uneven wear.
  • Ambient temperature changes pressure. A tyre-pressure monitoring system helps detect a deviation but does not replace regular measurement and visual inspection.